19th century AD

The humiliating defeat of Hari Singh Nalwa at the hands of Mashwani and Saidkhani Pashtuns

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The following account of Hari Singh Nalwa’s humiliating defeat at the hands of the Mashwanis and Said Khanis is drawn from two primary sources: (1) an eyewitness account, “Tawarikh-i-Hazara,” written by Lala Mehtab Singh in 1846. Extracts from this work were translated into Urdu by Sher Bahadur Khan Panni for his book, “Tarikh-i-Hazara” (pp. 56-59). … Read more

The Battle of Saragarhi (1897): a critical examination of its historical accuracy and authenticity

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In 1897 there was a great uprising of Pashtuns against the British occupiers in which an outpost called Saragarhi (in Orakzai district), manned by 21 Sikh soldiers of the British-Indian army, was attacked by a lashkar of local Pashtun freedom fighters. The latter bravely climbed the ascent despite of being fired upon from the top … Read more